Best African American tattoo designs

Best African American tattoo designs are a challenge to a person, the choice of ink and the artist who would use it. With darker skin tones, there are questions about the use of the design complexity of colors, healing and scarring. Although it is impossible to tattoo skin tones darker than it requires skill and experience to create a quality piece.

African Tattoo Designs

Design complexity is difficult to dark skin, because the colors are very difficult to see against your skin tone. African tribal tattoo designs are perfect for solving this problem. These are typically in solid dark colors and can be made "pop" as well as any design on a multi-skilled artist.

African tribal tattoo designs

Use the appropriate color is essential for quality work. With the colors of skin for many, it is best to talk to your artist, whose colors will be clearly visible and it will not. Shading, which is an important part of the application of tattoos, it becomes more difficult with African-American tattoo designs. You can use some bright colors, but remember that the lighter color used, it may even be less detectable.

Best American Tattoo Art for Girl

Best American Tattoo Art for Girl

Best American Tattoo Art for Girl

Best American Tattoo Art for Girl

Hottest Spots For Female Tattoos

Women nowadays find it sexier if they have a tattoo. Not only because of its deeper reflection of their personality but because it is now more acceptable as part of the female fashions. But the big question now is where to put your perfect design which will make it sexier. The most common location for female tattoos is their lower backs. So this article will not consider this location anymore so as not to promote stereotype suggestions. Having a tattoo is one of the hardest things that any women can get through, so it is best to make it the most unique design that is perfect for you in one of these sexy locations.
Back of the Neck - The nape of the neck is a very provocative area of a female body. Structured to have billions of nerve endings makes it the more sensual zone. Japanese Geisha wore white make up on their faces but they leave the natural beauty of their hind neck because of its provocative power. Many of our clothing designs do not really show this philosophy but its sex appeal can never be denied.
Upper back - As contrary to the lower back as the most common place for women tattoos, the center of the upper back over the spine, or shifted to the side over one shoulder blade, is a great haven for tattoo. It's a great place for your tattoo because it can easily be shown off with a tank top or makes it look mysterious by putting on a T-shirt.
Hips - This is obviously the sex symbol of any female body, and there is no need for some explanations. Female hips possess a remarkable and sensual curve which can be a new manifestation of your lower back tattoo. It is also versatile because you may opt to choose having your tattoo over one hip or you can choose both.
Wrist - Wrist tattoos are still relatively rare. Having neglected for a long time as a perfect place for your tattoo, you can draw attention from other people if they see a piece of artwork in your wrist. It symbolizes your carefree liberality, confidence and independence. Though having a wrist tattoo is a good suggestion, you still have to think and think again because its visibility might be a problem especially if you want to conceal it at work.
Inner Thigh - This is also another sexy part of a woman's body. As a sort of trivia, the thigh is also the least painful area for a female tattoo. Thigh tattoos are simple to cover up and do not require a lot of efforts. Another funny thing about inner thigh tattoos is that any type of clothes usually hides it so it will just be uncovered by any intimate circumstances. So the uncovered secret of having an inner thigh tattoo between you and the person intimately close to you is sexy it itself.
Ribcage - Even if it is considered to be one of the most painful areas for a tattoo, it is still one of the mostly suggested areas because of its unusual appeal. It is also interesting, and easy to cover when necessary. Any tattoo design at the side can accentuates any women's curves and elongated shapes at the side of the ribcage.
Of course everyone has a different perception of what makes a tattoo attractive. It is up to them to decide where and it is up to them to discover the craze.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bruce_B._McAdams

Tattoos Design for Girl

Now a days tattoos are playing very important role in everyone’s life, if it comes to me then will say it becomes the first choice of our generation that’s why these are in big demand and a person of any age love to create tattoos over different parts of their body.

Tattoos improves the beauty of any simple person and convert it into very stylish advanced person so if you want to look very stylish and attractive then you have to create tattoos on your body and catch all attention of your friends and different crowds.

Maximum number of persons likes tattoos not all but numerous likes tattoos because of their very attractive appearance these tattoos designs are widely used all over the globe.

American Celtic Tattoo

American Celtic Tattoo

American Eagle Tattoo Design Picture

American Eagle Tattoo Design Picture 1



American Eagle Tattoo Design Picture 2



American Eagle Tattoo Design Picture 3



American Eagle Tattoo Design Picture 4

Native American Tattoos Design

There is nothing hotter than an awesome tattoo on a fantastic body! Tattoos which are well placed and appeal to the eye tend to garner a lot of attention to themselves as well the people wearing them. Thus, tattoos really are the new in! However, even though tattoos do act as definite fashion statements, there's more to them than just that!

Tattoos are an ancient art inherited from ancient civilizations, where the symbolism behind the tattoo and its wearer was always more appreciated than its beauty. Tattoos were also used to show the rank of a person in his tribe. Individual markings in different tribes thus led to the use of tattoos as identification marks. Sometimes, if greater power or wisdom was wanted, tattoos were said to do the trick!

Unlike the hygienic tattoo parlors of today, Native American tattooing was done out in the open, using fish and sharp turtle bones, or even slivers of rock as needles to etch the tattoo into the skin. Unlike today's trend, Native American tattoos were dyed with natural dyes from plants or soot. With no anesthetic and each stroke of the flesh-cutting tools leading to huge bouts of pain, Native American tattoos took on a deeper meaning, that of pain endurance. The bigger the tattoo, the more the pain, and thus, the greater the respect earned in the tribe.

Native American tattoos were done by some tribal men, who had been trained in the art of tattoo design. Over the course of a person' lifetime, these tattoos could be made to cover the whole body, depending on one's ability to endure pain! In the modern world, there are still plenty of people who want to ink on Native American tattoos that were the identification marks of their tribes. Also, there are many who admire Native American culture, and hence opt to get one.

Since tribal art tattooing is becoming more prevalent in today's society, every tattoo artist has one on hand. All aspects of the Native American culture, such as their religions, tools, musicians, feathers, and even their tents are taken into consideration when designing and etching Native American tattoos!

If you're into tribal art, inking this design would be ideal for your needs. However, it is wise to browse online for the perfect tattoo. Also, there are a few tattoo artists who design amazing Native American tattoos, and can tell you quite a bit about the whole concept. Decide what you want, and go for it! Best of luck! ( By David Tony )

Traditional American Tattoos

Traditional American Tattoos

"A Day's Wait"

Regarding the plot of this short story, "A Day's Wait" by Ernest Hemingway, and to obtain a general understanding, it involved a nine-year-old child named Schatz, his father, and his doctor. Schatz believed that he is going to die when the doctor told his father that he is suffering from a fever of 102 degrees.

The story took place before 9:00 a.m. one morning when Schatz walked into his father's room looking ill and after 11:00 a.m. when his father returned from hunting and found him being uncooperative. The season is either fall or winter because of frozen ice on the ground. The story took place at Schatz's residence and appeared to be in a country other than France by all indications. Contemporary time seemed evident from the story based on various references.

Schatz being diagnosed with a 102 degree temperate started the critical stage. His knowledge of the differences in the reading of the thermometers ended the critical stage. The story concluded when he realized he is not going to die from the high temperature. He returned to a calming state thereafter and cried at every little thing of no importance.

The structure of the story showed a very complicated process. The structural complication started when Schatz walked into his father's room and moved slowly as if he were aching and appearing to be ill. The conflict occurred when his father touched his forehead and determined that Schatz had a fever.

 The crisis started when the doctor diagnosed Schatz with a fever of 102 degrees, treated him for influenza and prescribed medication. Schatz had the impression that he will die because of a belief he experienced in France when the boys there told him temperatures over forty-four degrees caused death. The ending of the crisis occurred when his dad told him about the differences in reading a thermometer. The climax occurred when he realized that he is not going to die. The resolution period occurred when he relaxed after realizing he is not going to die, and cried about everything of little or no importance.

Schatz characterization is that of a protagonist in the story. He displayed both positive and negative characteristics. He is a very determined nine year old child with a set mind. He displayed a strong will and seemed not easily shaken from his position. He has a good memory by recalling what the boys who attended school in France had told him about individuals dying from temperature above forty-four degrees.

Schatz could also be classified as an antagonist in this story. He fought to prevent himself from overcoming his illness. He appeared to be his own worst enemy. He believed everything he heard especially the story from the boys in France. He appeared to be a snotty nose brat who would not listen to his father, and reprimand his helpers at home in his father's absence. He acted disobediently and shunned those who tried to help him.

The main movers in this story are Schatz's father who eventually calmed him down and the doctor who had diagnosed Schatz's with influenza, temperature above 102 degrees, and treated him with medication. The background people in this story are the schoolboys in France who planted the idea of death in Schatz's mind. The people at his residence who tried to help him and whom he refused to let into the room after his father went hunting with his Irish setter dog are also movers. Howard Pyle's reading from the Book of Pirates, and the unknown third party in the room with Schatz's father (presumed parent) when he first entered and looking ill also moved the story along.

The sidekicks in this story are the people Schatz's refused to let into his room after his father went hunting with his Irish setter dog. These individuals are probably servants who carried out the biddings of Schatz.

Regarding the theme, this story has several of them as follows. The first theme is "Don't believe what you hear." In this story Schatz believed what he had heard from the boys in France about a person dying when the temperate goes above forty-five degrees. He did not check out the facts, and as a result, he believed that he would die because his temperature is 102 degrees. The second theme is "Don't' give up so easily." Schatz refused to fight his illness to the end. He gave up and is awaiting death because of his belief about the higher temperature. The third is, "After the storm there must be a calm." We see Schatz reaching a state of calming down after he realized that he is not going to die. His calming down state of mind is a result of the differences in the temperature which his father explained to him after he learned about what the boys in France told his son about the temperatures above forty-five degree causing death.

The resolution occurred when Schatz returned to normal and accepted his father's opinion and explanation regarding the difference in the temperature and the thermostat. He was once again friends with everyone and his life returned to normal. This is really an interesting short story by Ernest Hemingway, which spelled out all the corresponding elements quite clearly. 

Joseph S. Spence, Sr. (aka "Epulaeryu Master"), is the author of "The Awakened One Poetics" (2009), which is published in seven different languages. He also co-authored two poetry books, "A Trilogy of Poetry, Prose and Thoughts for the Mind, Body and Soul" (2005), and "Trilogy Moments for the Mind, Body and Soul," (2006). He invented the Epulaeryu poetry form, which focuses on succulent cuisines. Joseph is a Goodwill Ambassador for the state of Arkansas. He has completed over twenty years of service with the U.S. Army.

The Price of Love

By Ardi Wirdana | Sun, 12/21/2008 10:50 AM | Bookmark By Ardi Wirdana | Sun, 12/21/2008 10:50 AM | Bookmark

The kids in school keep saying That Daddy is in trouble and going to die. The kids at school always said that Daddy was in trouble and going to die. I keep telling Them he's not. I kept telling them he did not. My Daddy's a nice man - the nicest man I know. My Papa was a good man - the best I know.

"I'm Tired of telling people Papa That is not the mean. They never listen. I hate Them. And I hate Miss Eva too Because She blames me for everything. I think She likes Those kids better than me. Pls I Like That Time Bayu Raden made cry. He and his friends kept the words saying 'mischievous' and * die' to me. So I stabbed his hands with my pencil. He started Crying. He Was not even bleeding. Miss Eva said it was my fault . 'You're a bad girl, Annie ", She said," Should not you hurt your friends. "" I'm tired of telling people that he does not mean. They never listen. I hate them. And I hate Miss Eva also because he blames me for everything. I think she likes the boys better than me. Like that time when I make Bayu Raden cry. He and his friends kept saying the words' prison 'and * dead' to me. So I stabbed my hand with a pencil. She began to cry. He did not even bleed. Miss Eva said it was my fault. "You're a bad girl, Annie", she said, "You should not hurt your friends."

That's why I hate school now. That's why I hate school now. I want to stay at home. I want to stay at home. I always like Staying at home, playing with Papa. I always liked staying at home, playing with Papa. But Papa's never at home Anymore. But Papa was never at home anymore. He has to meet Some Important People - lawyers, he says. He must meet some important people - lawyers, he said. Before, Papa always stayed at home with me and Johan. Previously, Papa always stayed home with me and Johan. My big sister Karla says Papa never goes to work Because he's the boss - the big boss. My sister Karla said Papa was never going to work because her boss - the big boss.

I like it Pls Papa calls me and Johan, and Sometimes Karla, to pray together at six o'clock in the evening and afterwards We sit together and Papa tells us stories - stories about him "Pls he was a young man. I like it when Daddy called me and Johan, and sometimes Karla, to pray together at night and six hours later we sat together and Daddy told us stories - stories about him when he was young. Papa smiles Pls Those stories he tells us. He smiles when he tells us stories. Sometimes at the end of the stories, he says to Himself, "Oh, I wish I could go back to Those days". Sometimes at the end of the story, he said to himself, "Oh, I wish I could go back to those days."

Then he tells us to keep being good and honest people till We grow old and die. Then he told us to remain a good and honest people until we grow old and die.

Now That Daddy's not home, the house feels empty. Now Papa is not home, the house feels empty. There's only me and Johan, and the maid agency IRNA. Just me and Johan, and IRNA maid. The house is too big for three people, far too big. This house is too big for three people, too big. I think my school even cans fit in here. I think my school could fit in here. Mama's not at home either, She always comes home late. Mama was not at home either, he always came home late. She likes to play with her friends. He likes playing with his friends. Mama has lots of friends. Mom had many friends. I think a lot of people like her. I think many people like him.

Mama's not like Daddy. She does not like Papa. Mama's always busy. Mama always busy. She does not tell us stories. He did not tell us the story. She is always out. He is always out. She likes to buy lots of Things. He likes to buy things. Mama's good at that '. Mama's smart. Once She Bought me a beautiful white dress and shiny white shoes. Once he bought me a beautiful white dress and shiny white shoes. Johan gets lots of toys and once a big bike. Johan get lots of great toys and bicycles.

I like it Pls help Mommy and Daddy are together, they want like to joke around, smile and touch Each other. I like it when Mommy and Daddy together, they like joking, smiling and touching one another. They never fight. They never fight. Except one time they want Pls shouted at Each other in the dining room. Except for once when they were shouting in the dining room. I think Mama was with Papa Angry Because he Did not do something She said. I think Mama was angry with Dad because he did not do something she said.

Papa kept saying, "I'm not doing it again. You've got everything you want. This is not right!" Papa kept saying, "I do not do it anymore. You've got everything you want. This is not right!"

But Mama said that She would leave if he Did not do what She said. But Mama said that he would leave if he does not do what he says. So Dad picked up his phone and somebody Called. So Dad picked up the phone and call someone. Mama smiled and hugged and kissed him "him". Mama smiled and hugged her and kissed her. That made me happy. It makes me happy.

Sometimes I wish i had another sister so I Could play with her. Sometimes I wish I had another sister so I could play with him. Karla never plays with me Because she's too big. Karla had never played with me because he was too big. She is 16 I think. She is 16 I think. She likes to go out and buy Things with Mom or play with her boyfriend. She loves to go out and buy things with Mama or play with his girlfriend.

Johan is two years older than me, he's in the fourth grade. Johan is two years older than me, she was in fourth grade. Johan is very clever, he's the cleverest in his class. Johan is very smart, he's the smartest in his class. Not like me, only the third cleverest in my class. Not like me, only the third brightest in my class. Johan likes to play football, Sometimes I play with him "or Sometimes I just watch him" play with his friends. Johan loves to play football, sometimes I play with him or sometimes I just watch him play with his friends.

Johan is a quiet boy but he Can Get Angry Sometimes. Johan was the son of a quiet man but sometimes he gets mad. Also he gets Angry Pls Things people say about Papa. He was also angry when people say things about Papa. Three days ago Johan got in big trouble in school for fighting. Three days ago Johan big trouble for fighting at school. One of his friends kept yelling "corruptor, corruptor" to him ". One of his friends kept yelling "corrupt, corrupt" him. That boy Johan kicked so hard in the stomach. So Johan boys kicked hard on the stomach. That boy was big and strong so he Did not cry. The boy was big and strong that she did not cry. He punched in the face Johan then started grabbing Each other they want. He pressed Johan's face and then they began to seize one another.

When he Came home, his nose was stuffed with cotton. When he returned, his nose stuffed with cotton. It was bleeding, but Johan Was not Crying. It was bloody, but Johan did not cry. He Told me what Had Happened. He told me what had happened. I asked him "what * corruptor 'meant. I asked him what * corrupt "means. He said he did not know, but it sounded like something bad" like Some kind of monster or evil robot or something ". He said he did not know, but it sounds like something bad" as sort of monster or evil robot or something. "

I wanted to know what this word really means. I want to know what these words really mean. I asked Karla, but She was mean. I asked Karla, but she meant. She said "Do not say That word, Annie. Whatever you do, just do not say That word in front of Papa, or else he's going to be Angry at you!" He said: "Do not say that word, Annie. Whatever you do, just do not say that word in front of Daddy, or he will be mad at you!"

I do not believe her, daddy loves me. I do not believe him, Daddy loves me. He would never shout at him. He would never yell at me. I'm his favorite girl - that's what he always whispers to me. I'm his favorite girl - that's what he always whispers to me. When Papa was sitting in his chair reading a book, I Came running to him "and hugged him". When Papa was sitting in his chair reading a book, I came running to him and hugged him.

He lifted me on to his lap and kissed my hair three times. He lifted me onto his lap and kissed my hair three times. Then he started reading again. Then he began reading again. Remembered my first question, so I asked him ". I remember my question, so I asked him. "Papa, what is corruptor? What does it mean?". "Papa, what corrupter? What does it mean?". But Papa Did not answer. But Papa did not answer. He Did not move. He was not moving. He Became very still. He became very quiet. Papa put down his book very Studio albums Slowly. Daddy put the book down very slowly. I was Scared, maybe Papa was Angry at me. I'm scared, Papa might be angry with me. I turned my head to look at his face - and he was Crying. I turned to see her face - and she was crying. Papa was Crying Because of me. Papa cried because of me. I told him That I was sorry - I was really, really sorry And that I wont do it again. I told him that I'm sorry - I really, really sorry and that I will not do it again. But Daddy just held me and hugged me tighter Closer. But Papa just hugged me and hugged me closer. "No, darling. I'm sorry," he said, "Just remember That Papa loves you Until forever, No Matter What Happens, alright sweetheart?" "No, honey. I'm sorry," he said, "Just remember that Daddy loves you forever, no matter what happens, all right honey?"

I said yes. I said yes.

The next day something terrible Happened. The next day, something bad happens. Seven Came to our house shortly. Seven people came to our house. Were polite First they want, they want said hello and talked to Papa. First they were courteous, they greet and talk with Papa. Then they want Became rude. Then they become violent.

Six of the men got up and started messing up our house. Six of the men got up and started to mess up our house. Upstairs Three men, three men downstairs. Three people on the upper floor, three people below. They opened Every Chest and Every cupboard. They opened every drawer and every cupboard. I think Were looking for something they want. I think they're looking for something. Mama was Scared, She was Crying and shouting and telling her to stop Those bad. Mama was afraid, she was crying and screaming and telling people to stop evil. Karla was a standing behind Mama - She was Crying too, but quietly. Karla is standing behind Mama - she was crying too, but secretly. I sat on the staircase behind Johan. I sat on the stairs behind Johan. I wanted too cry too, but I kept quiet Because Johan Told me too. I want also to cry too, but I remained silent because Johan told me too. Johan was brave, he watched very carefully Those shortly. Johan brave, he saw people were very careful.

Those men took something from Papa's and Mama's room and Also something from Papa's office. Those people are taking something from Papa and Mama's room and also something from Papa's office. Were they want When they want finished sat down in the couch again Nowhere Papa Were And that other man. When they finished they sat on the sofa again where Papa and that the other person.

Those men talked to Each other for a while and then the leader, the one WHO Had been talking to Daddy, got up and said "Sorry sir, you have to come with us". People talk to each other for a while and then a leader, someone who has been talking with Daddy, wake up and say "Excuse me sir, you must come with us". Did Daddy say anything. Papa did not say anything.

He kept on nodded and looking down to the floor. He nodded and kept looking down onto the floor. Two of the men grabbed his arms Quickly and took him "out of the house. Two men quickly grabbed his arm and took him out of the house. Johan Became Angry. Johan became angry. Uh bed after Them. He ran after them. He Called for Papa. He's calling for Papa. He shouted to Those men, "It's not him", it's not his fault! " He cried out to the people, "Not him, it was not his fault!"

That night I decided to sleep in Johan's room. That night I decided to sleep in rooms Johan. I was Scared. I'm afraid. Being with Johan makes me feel safe. Being with Johan made me feel safe. Also I wanted to ask Johan Some questions. I also want to ask you some questions Johan.

"Where Are They Taking Papa?" "Where are they taking Daddy?"

"To the police station, probably." "To the police station as possible."

"But why? What did he do?" "But why? What is she doing?"

"I do not know." "I do not know."

"But Johan, before you had said to Those That it Was not Daddy's fault." "But Johan, before you tell people that it was not one of Papa."

"Look, I do not know anything, Annie. But one thing I know for sure is That Papa is a good man. He would never do anything mean to anyone. They've got the wrong guy, Annie. Trust me, they want 've got the wrong guy! " "Look, I do not know anything, Annie. But one thing I know for sure is that Papa is a good person. He would never do anything mean to anyone. They've got the wrong person, Annie. Trust me , they 've got the wrong person! "

I saw Johan That was beginning to get Angry, so I stayed quiet for a moment. I saw that Johan was getting angry, so I remained silent for a moment. Came But then a thought to my mind. But then a thought came to mind. "What if Those Were kids right? What if Daddy is going to jail or going to die." "What if the children were true? What if Papa would go to prison or die."

"No!" "No!" Johan said. Johan said. I thought he was going to shout at me, but he was calm, "No, it's not him". They've got the wrong guy! " I think he would yell at me, but he calmly, "No, it was not him. They've got the wrong person!"

Anymore I did not dare ask questions. I did not dare ask the question again. I believed Johan. I believe Johan.

They've got the wrong guy. They've got the wrong person.

The next day, Johan Came home from school, he beds Upstairs. The next day, Johan came home from school, he ran upstairs. He was looking for me. He's looking for me. I was playing in his room. I was playing in his room.

"Annie, Annie, I know what it means!" "Annie, Annie, I know what that means!"

I did not know what he was talking about. I do not know what he's talking about.

"Miss Khyn said it's like a thief. She said a corruptor WHO is a person cheats to steal lots and lots of money. Just like a thief, but Worse." "Miss Khyn word like a thief. He says criminals are people who cheat to steal lots and lots of money. Just like a thief, but worse."

Johan sat down on his bed and stayed still. Johan sat on her bed and remained silent. I can tell he was thinking Because he was staring at the floor and Did not blink. I know he was thinking because he was staring at the floor and did not blink.

Then he said quietly, "But what does Daddy want with money? He never even Buys anything. Papa does not even like money." Then he said quietly, "But what does Daddy want with money? He did not even buy anything. Papa do not even like money."

That was the last time he spoke to me. That was the last time he spoke to me. Johan Became very, very quiet after that '. Johan became very, very quiet after that. I was worried about Johan. I'm worried about Johan. I Knew He Was Angry at something or Someone. I know he's mad at something or someone. But WHO? But who? It could not be me. It can not be me. If Johan was Angry at her, I would know, Because he would punch my arm or a pull my hair. If Johan was mad at me, I'll know, because he will hit the arm or pulling my hair out. But this time he was just quiet, really quiet. But this time he was just quiet, really quiet.

One morning - it was Saturday, I think - Mama Called all of us into the living room. One morning - it was Saturday, I think - Mama calls all of us into the living room. We Knew there was something Important. We knew there was something important. When I got to the living room, Mom was sitting at the big chair, the one closest to the front door - Papa's chair. When I reached the living room, Mom was sitting in a big chair, nearest the front door - Papa's chair.

Mama looked beautiful. She looks beautiful. She was wearing a pretty white dress and a big diamond necklace hanging on her neck. She wore a beautiful white dress and a large diamond necklace that hung around his neck. Her skin was smooth and soft and shiny She wore Those Lovely Earrings Papa Bought her not long ago. His skin was smooth and soft and she wore beautiful earrings glistening Papa bought recently. Mama was beautiful. Mama's beautiful. She looked like a princess. He looked like a princess.

"Look, there is' Some bad news," Mama said, "The court said that Papa's guilty. And they want have charged him". " "Look, there's bad news," said Mama, "the Court said that Papa guilty. And they have charged him." Mama's face turned a little sad. Mom's face was rather sad. "I do not know how long he's going to be away for. But we're going to visit him" Every week. And I want all of you to be strong for him, okay? " "I do not know how long he'll go for. But we're going to visit her every week. And I want you all to be strong for him, okay?"

We all nodded. We all nodded.

Mama said "good", and then "goodbye". Mama said "good" and then "goodbye." And then She left in the car That Had been waiting for her outside. And then he went on a car that had been waiting outside. When Johan's Angry, he is boring. When Johan was angry, he's boring. He does not do anything fun. He did not do anything fun. He goes to school in the morning, comes home in the afternoon, watches TV, eats, reads his comics and goes to sleep at night. He went to school in the morning, went home that afternoon, watching TV, eating, reading comics and going to bed at night.

That's it. That's it. Every single day. Every day.

I do not like it Pls Johan is quiet like this. I do not like it when Johan calm like this. He does not talk to me. He did not talk to me. He does not tell me Things. He did not tell me things. Now I do not know what I like and I do not know what I hate Anymore. Now I do not know what I like and I do not know what I hate more. There are lots of new songs on TV, but I do not know Which one I like. There are a lot of new songs on TV, but I do not know which one I liked. I want to go inside Johan's mind so I know what is good and what is bad again. I want to get into Johan's mind so I know what's good and bad anymore. So I know Which songs I like. So I know the songs that I liked.

I want him "to tell me Things again. I want him to tell me things anymore. I want to know what's in his mind. I want to know what's on his mind.

Johan has a book. Johan has a book. His own book. His own book. He writes in Book That Every night before going to sleep. He writes in the book every night before bed. I thought it was a diary. I thought it was a diary. But Johan says its not. But Johan says that is not. Diaries are for little girls. Diaries are for little girls. His book is Called a Journal. His book is called Journal.

I Knew I Was not allowed to touch his Journal. I know I should not touch the Journal. He would kill me if i touched it. He'll kill me if I touch it.

"You go near it, I'll kill you!", He once said. "You go closer, I'll kill you!", He once said.

But, I needed to know what he was thinking. But, I must know what he was thinking. I'm Scared That I Might start to hate him ", and you're not allowed to hate your own brother, Papa said. I am afraid that I will start hating him, and you are not allowed to hate your own brother, said Papa.

So I did it. So I did. I read his journal. I read the Journal. I feel bad reading Johan's Journal. I felt bad reading Johan's Journal.

But at least now I know what Johan is thinking. But at least now I know what you think about Johan.

Now I know what I like. Now I know what I like.

Who I hate. Who I hate.

"... Daddy paid the ultimate price for love. He loved too much. He did too much for love. His heart was white, too white for his own good. He was too kind to her. But she does not deserve him" . Her Greed does not deserve his kindness. rotten Her heart does not deserve his love. I want to shout out That's all this is Because of her. It's Mama. She made Daddy do all Those Things. It's Mom's fault. She Should be the one locked up in jail! they've got the wrong guy! " "... Papa pays the highest price for love. She loves too much. He's not so much for love. His heart was white, too white for the good of himself. He's too nice to her. But he did not deserve him. Her greed is not worthy of his kindness. with heart rot unworthy of his love. I want to shout that all this is because of him. It's Mama. He makes Papa do all those things. This is one of Mama. He should be the one locked up in jail! They've got the wrong person! "

Background of the Study

INTRODUCTION
            In this chapter, the researcher discusses about, background of the study that informs the reason why he conducts this study, statement of the problems that includes some basic problems to investigate, purposes of the study that inform the objections of the study, significance of the study that inform the importance of the study, scope and limitation of the area of the study, and the last. Is definition of key terms that includes some key word used in the study

Background of the Study

    Literature is simply another way we can experience the world through imagination (Jones, 1968:1).  The contents of literature are such various things as the author’s thoughts, feeling, ideas, motion, and experience that become human interest.
    Literature is divided into several form such as prose, drama and poetry that later developed to a poem.  A poem is a kind of literary work written in verse, which has more things or material to explain, to make clear, to understand, to shape the new mind, and to give sense on the reality of life.  Many kinds of definition offered when talking about that word.  Many researchers and scientists give the meanings of poems based on the experience and the deep of knowledge that they have.  Although the definition is very various, but it will give a point and will play an important role in order to help the people in understanding the poem.
    Poetry is the kind of written literature, which is arranged in lines and in certain patterns.  There are two definitions of poetry given by Abrams (1979:292).  First, poetry is literary work in metrical from of patterned language.  Second, poetry is the art of rhyme composition, written of spoken, designed to produce pleasure through beautiful, elevated, and imaginative of profound thoughts. 
    As far as the literary works concerned, poetry is possibly the most difficult of all.  The cause is that poetry has special characteristics that are not generally found in prose (Volpe, 1967).  First, the normal word orders of ordinary speech are often inverted in poetry, deletions or omission of some words orders other than the correct, conventional ones.  These kinds of inversion, omission may  cause difficulties for the readers to understand the message of the poem.  Second, it is the diction.  The words applied in the poetry tend to be more connotative than that in prose.  This tendency is also supported by the common wide use of imaginary or figurative word such as metaphors.  Such features of diction in poetry serve other difficulties for the readers because the sense of the word is in the specific meaning in a given context.
    Diction is an aspect in poetry.  The term diction is literally defined as the choice and use of word.   However, this term has a broader sense in the literature.  Abrams (1960:163), states that the term diction signifies the kind of words, phrases, sentence structure, and figurative language that constitute any work of literature. 
    Diction is the word chosen by the poet to express his ideas and his feeling.  A word in a poem is used not only to connect between the reader and the poet, but also support an image and for connecting between the reader and the poet’s world imagination.  Diction refers to the language of a poem, and how each word is chosen to convey a precise meaning.  Poets are very deliberate in choosing each word for each word for its particular effect, therefore, so it is important to know the origins and connotations of the words in a poem, not to mention their literal meaning too (www. soyouwanna. com/site/syws/poem/poemfull).
    When we ask about the diction of a poem, we are asking the stylistic and tonal qualities of the words that the poet has chosen.  We are concerned with the vocabulary of the poems.  A good diction begins with this process of selection.  In discussing diction, we are much more interested in the selection of the words than in the exact ways in which these words are presented.  Analyzing diction, is no more than examining the appropriateness of the vocabulary within a given poem (Reaske, 1966:31-32).
    Poetic diction is the terms used to refer to the linguistic style, the vocabulary, and the metaphors used in the writing of poetry (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/poetic-diction).  Words create mood context, and for this purpose old sounding, old-fashioned or obsolete words have often been employed, even by the greatest of poets.  Nonetheless, in its cultivation of an egalitarian, conversational style, contemporary poetry avoids what it terms a “poetic diction” as something that harks back to earlier traditions, especially those of “fine writing” (http://bcs. bedfordstmartins. com/victualit/poetry/diction_def. html).
    The poetry of most ages has been written in a distinctive language, a “poetic diction”, which includes words, phrasing, and figures that are not current in the ordinary discourse of the time.  In modern discussion, the term poetic diction is applied especially to poets who intentionally employ a diction that deviates not only from common speech, but also from the writing.  In the frequent use, meanwhile, poetic diction is applied to the poetry of a specific literary period to denote the special style developed in the period (Abrams, 169:163).
    We may see the diction is often used in many poems.  There are many poets reflect their feeling, their loneliness, or write their own life in poems.  One of the poets is Robert Lee Frost that was an American poet.  His work frequently drew inspiration from rural life in New England, using the setting to explore complex social and philosophical themes.  A popular and often-quoted poet, Frost was highly honored during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes.
    Robert Lee Frost was one of America’s leading 20th century poets.  Although his verse forms are traditional, he was a pioneer in the interplay of rhythms and meter and in the poetic use of the vocabulary and inflections of everyday speech.  His poetry is thus traditional and experimental, regional and universal (www.lieteratureclassics. com/essay/RobertFrost’slife/html).
    In 1912, at the age of 38, he sold the Derry farm and took his family to England, where he could devote himself to writing.  His efforts to establish himself and his work were almost immediately successful.  There he published his first collection of poems, A Boys Will.  It was followed a year later by North of Boston (1914), which gained international reputation.  The collection contains some of Frost’s best-known poems: Mending Wall, The Death of The Hired Man, Home Burial, A Servant to Servants, After Apple Picking, and The Wood-Pile.  The poems, written with blank verse or looser free verse of dialogue, were drawn from his own life, recurrent losses, everyday tastes, and his loneliness (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/RobertFrost’slife&works).
    This study discusses about kinds of diction in some of Robert Frost’s poems most of which are traditional poetry.  For these reason, the writer is interested in analyzing the diction especially on the Robert Frost’s poems.

1. 2      Problem of the Study
    1.  What kinds of diction on Robert Frost’s poems?
    2.  What is the most dominant of diction on Robert Frost’s poems?
1. 3     Purpose of the Study
        1. To find out the kinds of diction on Robert Frost’s poems.
2. To know what is the most dominant of diction on Robert Frost’s poems.

1. 4     Significant of the Study
The results of this study are expected to be able to provide readers with the kinds of poetic diction of Robert Frost’s poems.  The researcher hopes that the readers may easily understand the theme, contents, and the messages of Robert Frost’s poems.
        Furthermore, this study is written with the idea that it will be useful for students of Gajayana University, especially for literature students.  The writer hopes they can learn more on analysis diction in poem and can appreciate the Robert Frost’s poems.

1. 5    Scope and Limitation
Several values can be found in poetry such as imagery, figurative language, rhyme, rhythm, and diction.  This study scopes the discussion dealing with the kinds of the diction in some of Robert Frost’s poems.
    The limitation is the researcher cannot interact with the poet.  Therefore, all of the results of the study are based on the theories used by the researcher.  Hence, the results of the study are not perfect enough. 
   
1. 6    Theoretical Framework
    The study is based on the following theories.  Abrams (1969:163) states that the term diction signifies the kinds of words, phrases, sentences structure and figurative languages that constitute any work of literature.
    Diction is the process of using a word in poetry.  When we ask about the diction of a poem, we are inquiring into the stylistic and tonal qualities of the words that the poet has chosen.  We are concerned with the vocabulary of the poems.  A good diction begins with this process of selection.  In discussing diction, we are much more interested in the selection of the words than in the exact ways in which these words are presented.  Analyzing diction, is no more than examining the appropriateness of the vocabulary within a given poem (Reaske, 1966:31-32).
    Poetic diction is the terms used to refer to the linguistic style, the vocabulary, and the metaphors used in the writing of poetry (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/poetic-diction).  Words create mood context, and for this purpose old sounding, old-fashioned or obsolete words have often been employed, even by the greatest of poets.  Nonetheless, in its cultivation of an egalitarian, conversational style, contemporary poetry avoids what it terms a “poetic diction” as something that harks back to earlier traditions, especially those of “fine writing” (http/bcs. bedfordstmartins. com/victualit/poetry/diction_def. html).
       
1. 7    Definition of Key Term
In order to avoid unexpected misunderstanding toward the terms widely used in this study, the following are the definitions of the terms:
1.    Diction is the word chosen and arranged, then the meaning of the words can create an aesthetic imagination and the result of this is called diction of the poet (Barfield in Pradopo, 1987:54).
2.    Poetic diction is the term used to refer to the linguistic style, the vocabulary, and the metaphors used in the writing of poetry (http/en. wikipedia. org/wiki/poetic-diction, June 09, 2007).
3.    Poetry is composed of carefully chosen words expressing great depth of meaning (http://depts. gallaudet. edu/englishworks/literature/poetry. html).
4.    A poem is a piece of writing arranged in lines, used with a regular rhythm and often with a pattern of rhymes (Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary, New Edition. p. 318).

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
   
    In this chapter the theories that are relevant with the study will be reviewed.  It consists of the theories about poetry, diction, and functions of diction, kinds of diction, and kinds of meaning. It also reviews some related research.

2. 1     Poetry
Poetry relies most on the power of words and in sense it is the most literary of all branches of literature; the most literary because it makes the greatest use of the raw material of literature, which is word (Wilson, 1987:10).  
    Poetry is a kind of work written in beautiful language and has certain patterns or elements that cannot find in another works.  To read the poems, we sometime gets difficulties to catch the meaning or message in them.  As stated by Jones (168:89) that most people find poetry difficult to read and much of the poetry is indeed difficult to read.  It places demands on the reader.  Almost anyone who can read poetry, but to get pleasure from poetry he must bring something to his reading.  One can learn what it is, learn how to read it, practice it, and so gain the pleasure from it.

    Poetry sometime is made for different reasons.  Therefore, each poem has a different purpose.  Reaske (1966:8) states that we should understand at the outset that poetry can be written for different reason and therefore each poem has a different purpose.  Some poems are written purely to entertain us, others solely for the purpose of moral persuasion.  We are urged perhaps to right action or perhaps to wrong action.  We are tempted or told to resist temptation.  Many poems try to be both entertaining and instructive, both amusing and edifying at the same time.  Whenever we analyze a poem, we must consider, as best we can, the purposes the poet had in writing it (Reaske, 1966:8).
    Poetry uses language that even adds more difficulties for the readers to catch its messages.  It is because it uses much more connotative words than in prose.  Like another works, poetry has certain elements.  So, there are the elements of poetry according to Jones, (1968:96).  They are:

.Diction. Talking about diction, we inquire into the stylistic and tonal qualities of the word chosen by the poet.  Diction is concerned with the vocabulary of the poem.
2. 2     Diction
Reaske (1966:31-32) states that the diction is the process of using a word in poetry.  When we ask about the diction of a poem, we are inquiring into the stylistic and tonal qualities of the words that the poet has chosen.  We are concerned with the vocabulary of the poems.  A poet should always try to select the word that most appropriately conveys his intended meaning.  A good diction begins with this process of selection.  In discussing diction, we are much more interested in the selection of the words than in the exact ways in which these words are presented.  Analyzing diction, is no more than examining the appropriateness of the vocabulary within a given poem.  Abrams (1960: 163) states that the term diction signifies the kinds of words phrases, sentence structure, and figurative language that constitute any work of literature.
By diction is meant simply the author’s choice of words.  Our purpose in the analysis of diction is to recognize the choices the author has made and to infer when possible the reasons for which the choices have been made.  Our assumption is that any choice may be significant and the sum of the choices in  whole work will certainly be so, as we turn our attention from the diction of a brief passage to that of an entire story or novel.  We look for the author’s guiding principles of selection.  We may undertake the same kind of investigation of the diction in the total body of a writer’s work, seeking to discover what kind of choice the writer habitually makes and for what reason (Kenney, 1966:60).
Diction or the choice of word is defined as a skill to differentiate the nuances of the meaning of ideas needed to express accurately.  The diction is related to the meaning of words.  First, it is related to choosing the right meaning of words to express ideas.  Second, diction is connected with the usage of a group of words effectively in connection with how to express the ideas.  Third, diction is related with a certain style of language that is appropriate with the context (Keraf in Yuri, 2002:9). 
Diction is one of the aspects in poetry.  Dictions are the words chosen by the poet to express his ideas and his feeling.  A word in a poem is used not only to connect between the reader and the poet, but also support an image and for connecting between the reader and the poet’s world imagination.  Diction refers to the language of a poem, and how each word is chosen to convey a precise meaning.  Poets are very deliberate in choosing each word for each word for its particular effect, so it is important to know the origins and connotations of the words in a poem, not to mention their literal meaning too (www. soyouwanna. com/site/syws/poem/poemfull).
Diction is a writer’s choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, and figurative language, which combine to help create meaning.  Formal diction consists of a dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language; it follows the rules of syntax exactly and is often characterized by complex words and lofty tone.  Middle diction maintains correct language usage, but is less elevated than formal diction; it reflects the way most educated people speak.  Informal dictions represent, slang, contractions, and many simple common words.  Poetic diction refers to the way poets sometimes employ an elevated diction that deviates significantly from the common speech and writing of their time, choosing words for their supposedly inherent poetic qualities.  Since the eighteenth century, however, poets have been incorporating all kinds of diction in their work, and so there is no longer an automatic distinction between the language of a poet and the language of everyday speech.  (http://web. cocc. edu/lisal/literaryterms/d_h. htm/Diction).
   
2. 3     The Function of Diction
Diction is use to create effectiveness on the language activity.  For the writer, diction is use to express his ideas and wishes to other people.  For the reader, diction is use to occupy other people ideas, mind, and also wish.  (Keraf in 1994:21) said that word is an idea distribution.  Then Keraf explained that they  know many ideas or in other words, they have many vocabularies, can easily and fluently communicate with others.
Beside of those opinions, Arifin (1987:13) said that the used of the right words will help someone to express about what he wants to express, either written or spoken.  In this case, the choosing of words must be appropriate with the situation and place where the words are used.
From all opinions above about the function of diction, it can conclude that the function of diction is to create effectiveness of the language activity, which done by someone to convey the people’s idea.
   
2. 4     Kinds of Diction
Kinds of diction is classified to five groups, there are: connotative diction, denotative diction, concrete diction, associative diction, and imaginative diction (Kenney 1966:60-61, Reaske 1966:29-31, Wellek and Warren, and Sayuti in Dwi, 2002:15):

2. 4. 1     Connotative Diction
Connotation is created when you mean something else, something that might be initially hidden.  The connotative meaning of a word is based on implication or shared emotional association with a word.  There are many words that denote approximately the same thing, but their connotations are very different.  Innocent and genuine both denote an absence of corruption, but the connotations of the two words are different: innocent is often associated with a lack of experience, whereas genuine is not.  Connotations are important in poetry because poets use them to further develop or complicate a poem’s meaning (soyouwanna. com/site/syws/poem/poemfull.  , June 09, 2007).)
Connotation is the emotions, thoughts and ideas associated with and evoked by the word.  Some words are neutral, but can have negative or positive connotations.  For example, the word island is neutral when it refers to a vacation on a Greek island, the word has positive connotation.  When it describes being shipwrecked on an island, the word has negative connotations.  Also, words associated with smell can be either positive or negative.  For example, “scent’ is positive, while “odor” is negative (Developed by Vivion Smith, adapted from work by Susan Giansanti, Jules Nelson Hill and Ellen Beck).
Reaske (1966:29) states that connotative is one of the various implications or associations that a word carries.  Most words have many connotations.  If we say “home” for example, we are not simply naming a house, but rather an idea – having members of a family joined in one place.  A poet uses the connotations of a word to his own purposes and advantages.  Kenney (1966:60-61) states that a word’s connotations are the suggestions and associations aroused by it.
Connotation-An Example from Poe: The American Edgar Allan Poe is a very different sort of writer.  Here is the first sentence of his famous story “The Fall of the House of Usher” (Kenney, 1966:62-63).
“During the whole of a dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horse-back, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher”.
The diction here is characterized by the vagueness denotation.  Just how low is “oppressively low”? What, precisely, does a “dreary tract of country” look like? And how can a house be “melancholy” since the dictionary meaning of the adjective has to do with a human emotional state.
In short, Poe is choosing his words primarily for their connotations, for their suggestive power.  His method is, in itself, as legitimate as Swift’s and as suited to the demands of his story and his temperament (Kenney, 1966: 62-63).
   
2. 4. 2     Denotative Diction

A word’s denotation is simply its dictionary meaning (Kenney, 60-61).  Reaske (1966:31) states that denotation is the essential meaning of the word.  As contrasted with connotation – the suggested or possible meanings of a word denotation has reference only to what is conventionally understood by a word.  The denotative meaning of a word is thus void of any emotional or subjective overtones.  When examining any word, a critic should differentiate between its denotative and its connotative meanings.
The distinction between denotation and connotation is that the latter reveals attitudes about an object or event but the former does not.  These attitudes may be favorable or unfavorable.  In “That is a cute hat” and “That is an absurd hat”, the word “hat” is used denotatively in both sentences, but “cute” has favorable and “absurd” unfavorable connotations.  Some words, such as cute, brave, efficient, fame, glory, hope, and valuable usually have only favorable connotations.  Others, such as absurd, callous, hate, idiotic, lust, treason, and vicious usually have only unfavorable connotations.  Still others have favorable connotations in some contexts but unfavorable ones in others.  Compare, for example, free enterprise and free speech with free thinker and free love, or a fat check with a fat girl (Crimmon, 130-131).    
Denotative-An Example from Swift: The diction of Guilliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift may seem to take little advantage of the suggestive powers of language.  Here, for instance, is a passage describing the Emperor of Liliput (Kenney, 1966:60-61):
He is taller, by almost the breadth of my nail, than any of his court, which alone is enough to strike an awe into the beholders.  His features are strong and masculine, with an Austrian lip and arched nose, his complexion olive.  His countenance erect, his body and limbs well proportioned, all his motions graceful, and his deportment majestic.
This is about as close to pure denotation as we can expect a passage of prose fiction to come.  The meaning of the passage is little more than the sum total of the dictionary meanings of the words that make it up.

2. 4. 3     Concrete Diction
Concrete diction has characteristic to present description, thing, or certain moment description concretely.
    In poetry, symbols are concrete and recognizable; they are as emblematic and visual as images are sometimes only suggestive and even vague.  Some symbols have been used again and again and thus by this use have become “archetypes” in literature (Reaske, 1966:109).  In another hand, the abstract ideas often presented through the concrete objects as a symbol.  Every poet tries to concrete thing that he wants to express the reader’s imagine like what he means.  The exactness of the poet in concreting the words that will make the reader sees, listens, and feels what the poet described.
Concrete diction refers to words that stimulate some kind of sensory response in the reader; as we read the words, we can imaginatively use our senses to experience what the words represent http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/concretediction/Poetry.  And concrete words include below:
       
Concrete words include: Dog, Cat, Computer, Classroom, Tree, Candy Bar, Car, Chair, Department Store, Pencil, Hat, Clock, Rain, Ice Cube, Beer, etc.
The word “dog” is a concrete word; we are able to form a mental picture of it.  Because concrete diction imaginatively appeals to the senses, it tends to involve readers more than abstract diction does.
   
2. 4. 4     Associative Diction
Association diction has characteristic to arise the readers’ consciousness to the others of words which have relation.  Wellek and Warren (1990:219) stated that the meaning of poetry is contextual; each word is not only taken the dictionary meaning but also the synonym and homonym circle.  The word not only has certain meaning but also arise the readers’ consciousness to the other words, which have related with sound or the meaning of those words. 
Because it has relation with the reader activity that actually associated to unlimited characteristics, that is why every words have association characteristics.  However, the context still will become the control that limit the association alternative occurs.  Another hand, association occurs because of that context.
An example of associative diction (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Poetic-diction).

“Harlem”
   
    What happens to a dream deferred?
   
    Does it dry up
    Like a raisin in the sun?
    Or fester like a sore-
    And then run?
    Does it stink like rotten meat?
    Or crust and sugar over-
    Like a syrupy sweet?
   
    Maybe it just sags
    Like a heavy load.
   
    Or does it explode?
    (Langston Hughes)
   
In this poem uses the words like or as, or a verb like seems or appears to draw two objects or images into a relationship (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Poetic-diction).
   
2. 4. 5     Imaginative Diction

Imaginative diction is a word which have characteristic to present the description of certain situation with imagination.  Language in poetry is used to present the certain situation with imagination.  The words that already choose are used for a certain situation, so the reader can imagine. 
Example: some lines from John Donne’s poem “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” (Reaske, 1966:30-31):
   
Our two souls therefore, which are one,
    Though I must go, endure not yet
    A breach, but an expansion,
    Like gold to airy thinness beat.
   
    If they be two, they are two so
    As stiff twin compasses are two,
    Thy soul the fixt foot, makes no show
    To move, but doth, if th’other do.
   
    And though in the center sit,
    Yet when the other far doth roam,
    It leans and hearkens after it,
    And grows erect as that comes home.
   
    Such wilt thou be to me who must,
    Like th’other foot, obliquely run;
    Thy firmness makes my circle just,
    And makes me end where I begun.
        In this poem’s Donne imagines that the souls of himself and his mistress are like the two legs of a drawing compass; when one moves in a certain way the other, though remaining stable, leans toward the leg that moves, and yet draws it back to the beginning.  This is very imaginative and constitutes an intellectualized way of saying that he and his mistress are one-but not quite one (Reaske, 1966:30-31).
   
2. 5     Kinds of Meaning
When we talk about the meanings of words, it is helpful to distinguish between two types of meaning: the one we find in a dictionary definition of a word-its denotation-and type of meaning that arises from the various associations-connotation- the words evokes.  The words we use just to name things often have little connotative meaning.  For example, tree represents a physical thing, as do the words flower, car, ship, and cow.  These words denote the things they stand for.  (Bridges and Lunsford, 1984:315).

2. 5. 1     Denotative Meaning
Kenney states that the analysis of diction leads to some consideration of denotations and connotations of word chosen by the author.  A word denotation is simply its dictionary meaning; its connotations are the suggestions and associations arouse by it.  A number of different words may have essentially the same denotations, while differing significantly in their connotations (Kenney, 166:60). 
    The statement or the situation in which a word is used is called its context.  In practice we learn the meanings of words by their contexts.  When we are learning our language we do not meet the word “run” by itself; we always meet it in some situation – a man running for a bus, a child running a temperature, a quarterback running a team, and so on.  We learn the meaning of “run” by repeatedly experiencing it in context.  This is exactly how the writers of dictionaries get their definitions.  They gather sample contexts and write the definitions to describe the meanings these convey, so that when a dictionary lists different meanings for the word “spring”, it is recording the contexts in which “spring” most frequently occurs (Crimmon, 1963:128).
To illustrate the relationship between context and meaning, suppose you were editing a dictionary and had found for “man” and “make up” the following contexts recurring in your samples.  For each the two terms, write as many definitions as your samples require.  Then check your dictionary to see if it records your definitions.  If it does not, consider whether your definitions or the dictionary’s are deficient (Crimmon, 1963:129).
2. 5. 2     Connotative Meaning
In literary usage, the denotation of word is its primary significance or reference, such as a dictionary mainly specifies; its connotation is the rage of secondary or associated significances and feelings which it commonly suggest or implies.  Thus “home” denotes the house where are lives, but connotes privacy, intimacy, and coziness; that is the reason real estate agents like to use “home” instead of “house” in their advertisements.  “Horse” and “steed” denote the same quadruped, but “steed” has a different connotation, deriving from the chivalric or romantic narratives in which this word was often used.  The connotation of word is only a potential range of shard secondary significance; which on these connotations are evoked depends on the way a word is used in particular contexts which bring into play some part of the connotative meaning of words.  In his poem “Virtue” George Herbet wrote.
    Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright,
    The bridal of the earth and sky…
The denotation of  “bridal”- a union between human beings-serves as part of the ground for applying the word as a metaphor to the union of earth and sky; but the specific poetic context in which the word occurs also evokes such connotations of “bridal” as sacred, joyous, and ceremonial.  (Abrams, 1981:36).
   
   

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
    This chapter presents about the research methodology, which consists of research design, data, data collection and data analysis.
   
3. 1     Research design
    The purpose of this study is to describe the diction used in collection of poems written by Robert Lee Frost.  The research design of this study is descriptive method, which is designed to involve describing, recording, analyzing, and interpreting condition that exist (Best, in Herni Susanti, 2005: 29).
   
3. 2    Data
    The data of this research are taken from Robert Frost’s poems in Barnet, Berman and Burto (1993:537-547) and from http://en. wikipedia. org//wiki//frost’spoems. html.  The poems are selected randomly.  It is necessary to give the code number for all of the poems.  It is about 46 poems.  Then, those codes number are taken to select 20 samples of those poems.  Those selected poems are:


Stopping by Wood on a Snowy Evening
    Design


    October
·    The Telephone
·    The Oven Bird
·    The Silken Tent
·    Desert Place
·    Come In
·    Once by the Pacific
·    Fire and Ice
·    In Winter In the Woods Alone
·    Reluctant
·    The Gift Outright
·    Acquainted With the Night
·    The Pasture
·    The Road Not Taken
·    Bereft
·    The Draft Horse
·    Provide, Provide
·    The Need of Being Versed in Country Things
   
.3    Data Collection


1.    Reading and studying the Frost’s poems. 
2.    Finding the kinds of diction in the Frost’s poems.
3.    Finding the most dominant of diction in the Frost’s poems.
   
1    Step of the Data Analysis
The researcher collects and divides each word and sentences according to the kinds of diction, they are connotative diction, denotative diction, concrete diction, associative diction and imaginative diction.
2.    The researcher counts to find the most dominant of diction
   
The Rose Family
The rose is a rose
And was always a rose
But the theory now goes
That the apple’s a rose,
And the pear is, and so’s
The plum, I suppose.
The dear only know
What will next prove a rose?
You, of course, are a rose
But were always a rose

Stars
How pointlessly they congregate
O’er our tumultuous snow
This flows in shapes as tall as trees
When wintry winds do blow!
As if with keenness for our fate,
Our faltering few steps on
To white rest, and a place of rest
Invisible at down
And yet with neither love nor hate,
Those stars like some snow-white
Minerva’s snow-white marble eyes
Without the gift of sight
Winter evening

Evening seems
At first intense blue
Fades through paleness into black.
The farmhouse in the valley
Shines like a lost streetlight, cold
As a dingo howl at midnight
Fire And Ice

Some say the world will and in fire
Some say in Ice
From what I have tested of desire
I hold with those who favor fire
But if it had to parish twice, I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction Ice
Is also great
And would suffice
Sweet May

Sweetest May, let love inspire here
Take a hart, which he desires thee
As thy constant slave regard it
For its faith and truth reward it

Proof o’ shot to beat or money
Not the wealthy, but the bonnie
Not high-born, but noble-minded
In love’s silken band can bind it!

   
   
   
       

Poem

The Rose Family
The rose is a rose
And was always a rose
But the theory now goes
That the apple’s a rose,
And the pear is, and so’s
The plum, I suppose.
The dear only know
What will next prove a rose?
You, of course, are a rose
But were always a rose
Stars
How pointlessly they congregate
O’er our tumultuous snow
This flows in shapes as tall as trees
When wintry winds do blow!
As if with keenness for our fate,
Our faltering few steps on
To white rest, and a place of rest
Invisible at down
And yet with neither love nor hate,
Those stars like some snow-white
Minerva’s snow-white marble eyes
Without the gift of sight
Winter evening
Evening seems
At first intense blue
Fades through paleness into black.
The farmhouse in the valley
Shines like a lost streetlight, cold
As a dingo howl at midnight
Fire And Ice
Some say the world will and in fire
Some say in Ice
From what I have tested of desire
I hold with those who favor fire
But if it had to parish twice, I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction Ice
Is also great
And would suffice
Sweet May
Sweetest May, let love inspire here
Take a hart, which he desires thee
As thy constant slave regard it
For its faith and truth reward it

Proof o’ shot to beat or money
Not the wealthy, but the bonnie
Not high-born, but noble-minded
In love’s silken band can bind it!

The Star

The Star

When the world started to end, you were ashamed of yourself for weeping bitterly in your bedroom for an entire day. You saw the president crying and begging on TV and it sent you into a panic. You lay in bed with the blankets pulled up to your nose, crying, refusing to answer the door when the maid, your manager, your assistant, and finally your parents begged you to come out.
    
     After twenty-four hours, your father took the door off its hinges and dragged you down the stairs into your sunken living room with the white carpet and leather couches. You kicked and screamed until he had to pick you up and carry you over his shoulder. You called him a motherfucker and threatened to take back the Mercedes you'd purchased for him last Christmas.
    
     Your mother sat solemnly on the couch, her hands clenched into fists on top of the newspaper in her lap. She said it was all over.
    
     You glowered and glared; you asked what the hell is happening, and will you still be on the talk show circuit next month?
    
     The television stations are all color bars and static. Your father says that the talk shows are all gone, and not to worry. He tells you that there are far more important things happening right now. How can you not worry? You were supposed to debut your new fragrance next month to coincide with the release of your latest album.
    
     Your mother tells you that the album isn't going to happen, and she clenches her fists even tighter than before. You can't believe what she's saying. How can she say that? There will always be an album, and there will always be television. You tell your parents they're idiots, and that this will all blow over in a few days, as soon as they replace that pussy of a president.
    
     Your mother says that the world is ending. They dropped bombs, she says darkly.
     There are diseases and radiation poisoning spreading all over the country, your father says.
    
     Not in LA you shout defiantly.
    
     Your mother holds up the newspapers one at a time. WAR is on the cover of each one, along with speculations on the doomed fate of the country, including LA. You feel sick, you're dizzy. You want to know what you did to deserve this, and how anyone could possibly do such a thing before you had a chance to accomplish the things that mean so much to you.
< 2 >
    
*

Two days later, your mother and father are discussing survival, and filling jugs with water from the tap just in case. Your father is worried about the electricity holding out. You sit in the living room wondering why all the servants quit the day before, and if your assistant is ever going to call you back. The only connection to the outside world is the radio, and it's hard to get real information between the crying and praying on almost every channel. On the pop station, the dj says over and over that it's only a matter of time. Your father tells you to switch to the AM band because they have more sense on AM, goddammit.
    
     You hear reports of death and destruction all over the country, and all you can think is that you hope LA is okay. Even after reports of people dead in their cars, you imagine Rodeo Drive the same as it ever was, untouched by nasty things like war, sickness and death. How could a place a beautiful as Hollywood ever be destroyed? No one messes with LA, you say, and your father won't look you in the eye.
    
     When the electricity goes out that night, your eyes fill with frustrated tears, and you light the scented candles you'd been saving for a special occasion. The radio runs on batteries, but they won't last long. Your father tells you to conserve them, and stop leaving the radio on so much. You tell him to shut up, and that you can afford thousands of batteries. The man on the radio says that much of the east coast is destroyed, along with Detroit and Chicago. He says that the radiation is coming west at an alarming rate, and you wish you had a map so you'd know what that meant. Instead of worrying, you get out that limited edition pink nail polish and give yourself a pedicure. It isn't until you spill the bottle, and nail polish gets all over the carpet that you realize you can't stop crying.
    
     In the morning, your dad tells you that your mother is very sick, and he doesn't feel so well himself. You roll your eyes and tell them to take some pepto, but on the inside, you can't deal with the possibility of them dying and leaving you alone, so you go back to your room and sit in front of the window. Your yard looks the same. There is no death and destruction on your property, but you wonder what's changed outside of your front gates.
< 3 >
     In the afternoon, you bring your four gold records and three Grammy awards up to your room so you can look at them. Your finger traces your name on the awards over and over, and you can't comprehend how someone who has accomplished so much in such a short time should be allowed to go through something as horrible as this. You're a star, for God's sake, you deserve better than this.
    
     Your father is calling your name in the hall. He sounds sick. His voice breaks repeatedly, and he's gagging between words. You don't want him to throw up on the carpet in the hall, but you keep your mouth shut. If he does, the cleaning woman will take care of it tomorrow. You pull the blankets up to your chin and close your eyes. Your father's voice sounds farther and farther away now as you clutch the Grammy close to your chest and squeeze your eyes shut.
    
     Tomorrow you'll wake up and things will be better. Tomorrow you'll be on the Tonight Show, and be as charming as ever. Tomorrow your agent will apologize for not calling. Tomorrow you'll still be a star.